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Patron-Client Relations and Ethnic Cleansing: An Analysis of Third-Party Influence in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
Tentler, Matthew ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Myftari, Kledian (referee)
How does the presence of a patron-client relation contribute the onset of ethnic cleansing? There has been a growing body of literature examining the complexities of ethnic cleansing as a concept and the various determinants that contribute to the onset of such phenomenon. Michael Mann's theorization that ethnic cleansing occurs when the democratization process is weaponized by political elites seeking to maintain their power, resulting in the egalitarian and inclusive principals of democracy being supplanted by an exclusionary, ethno-nationalist conception of the nation-state. I argue that the incorporation of the patron-client model of international relations would build upon Mann's theorization of ethnic cleansing by providing a more in-depth understanding of how military aid and ideological legitimacy from a patron state contributes to a state adopting the violent and exclusionary policy of ethnic cleansing. A case study of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994) confirms the importance of analyzing existing patron-client relations, as the Armenian political elite, intelligentsia, and military aid played a significant role in the escalation of the conflict into ethnic cleansing.
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Theorizing Military Power Projection: Why and When Distance Matters
Bahenský, Vojtěch ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee) ; Badsey, Stephen (referee)
The relationship between physical distance and military power is oft-discussed and even more often assumed but arguably still poorly understood. Despite the scope of existing research on the relationship, there is little agreement on the causal mechanism connecting the two variables in question, which hampers further examination of the phenomenon. This work attempts to fill this gap by asking how and when does distance actually matter for military power projection. By connecting International Relations research on the subject with strategic and military studies understanding of the underlying processes and through an in-depth case study of the Falklands War, the thesis identified three general causal mechanisms which mediate distance's detrimental effect on military power: temporal mechanism, contestation mechanism, and materiel mechanism. Additionally, it also found that three mechanisms reinforce each other but generally are not causing additional military power decay in the presence of other conditions limiting war. The thesis argues that distance plays only a minor role in very small deployments into limited conflicts, but this should not be generalized lightly to possible great power wars by using quantitative methods. Possible policy implications of the theory for the United States and its...
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Peace versus war journalism: ethic aspects of reporting international conflict
Melíšková, Iva ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis deals with the ethical aspects of reporting wars and conflicts. First of all, it defines the ethical principles in journalism and the ethical dilemmas that journalists face in the war as well as the rules enshrined in the ethical codes of the media. Afterwards it focuses on the specifics of international conflict reporting and defines two ways to deal with it. These are, as the title suggests, war journalism, which emphasizes violence, the aspects of warship itself and the elites, and peaceful journalism, which focuses on civilians, deescalation of violence, and peace-related solutions. In the practical part, this work aims to find and define individual signs of peace and war journalism in reporting of global news media. Finally, the characteristics of these two approaches undergo a comparative analysis to find out what ethical rules apply to these approaches and what extent they differ. Analyzed media are Reuters and AFP news agencies and the British print media and their internet versions The Guardian and The Telegraph. Selected conflicts include the 2008 South Ossetian war and the Pillar of Defense, a conflict in the Gaza Strip dating back to 2012.
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The dispute about enclaves Ceuta and Melilla between Spain and Morocco
Kancianová, Lucie ; Šušlíková, Lada (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The dispute about enclaves Ceuta and Melilla between Spain and Morocco" deals with evolution of this dispute, its characteristic and submission into the system of international relations . Spanish enclaves Ceuta and Melilla situated in the territory of Morocco and they are the main point of the dispute. They fell under the Spanish dominion in time of colonialism during 15th and 16th century. First part of thesis explains a matter of the dispute and how it was influenced by context of historical events. The principal part of thesis deals with characteristic of position of Spanish and Moroccan government, foreign and internal policy and finally a progress rapprochement between Spain and Morocco in background of cooperation to resolve the dispute. The problem of Ceuta and Melilla is unique in light both of international relations and historical, culture and ethnic aspects. In area of these enclaves there happens interference among Arabic and European influence, Islamic, Christian, Jewish and Hindu religion and culture including language differences. One part of thesis is devoted to interference within lay of interests of Spain and Morocco and actual problem in connection with migration of Arabic population from Sub-Saharan Africa bound to enclaves Ceuta and Melilla or onwards to Europe.
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